Apartment Market Growth in 2019

Apartments.com and CoStar Group looked at rental markets in the U.S. with more than 50,000 units and have compiled the hottest markets of 2019 according to number of new units, highest rent levels and rent growths, and decreases in vacancies. With 19,522 apartment units built in 2019, Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, leads the nation with the highest number of new units. For renters looking for a new home in Dallas, there are nearly 28,000 places to live available on Apartments.com currently. The average market rent was $1,191 a month, growing about 2.3% last year. According to Apartments.com, the average apartment rent in Dallas is $969 for a studio, $961 for one bedroom, $1,436 for two bedrooms, and $1,652 for three bedrooms. Following behind Dallas-Fort Worth is New York City with 17,075 new units, Washington, D.C. with 12,852, Chicago with 10,012 and Denver with 9,547. San Francisco had the highest recorded market rent level of 2019 in the nation. In the past year, apartment rent in San Francisco increased by 1.8%, with the market rent level now averaging at $3,110. There are more than 4,000 apartments available on Apartments.com for renters searching for a new home in San Francisco. Renters should be prepared to pay an average rent of $2,381 for a studio, $3,018 for one bedroom, $4,128 for two bedrooms, and $4,893 for three bedrooms. After San Francisco, New York CIty has the next highest rent level of $2,833, followed by $2,770 in San Jose, California, $2,525 in San Rafael, California and $2,314 in Boston, Massachusetts In 2019, Phoenix saw a 6.8% increase in market rent growth—the largest increase in the nation. Phoenix apartment rents average $828 for a studio, $975 for one bedroom, $1,139 for two bedrooms and $1,457 for three bedrooms. Other markets that saw great market rent growth in 2019 include Tucson, Arizona, with a 5.7% increase; Albuquerque, New Mexico,  5.1% increase; Las Vegas, Nevada, 4.6% increase; and Raleigh, North Carolina, 4.6% increase. Charleston, South Carolina, saw the largest vacancy decrease of 300 basis points in 2019. The vacancy rate moved from 12.2% at the end of 2018 to 9.1% at the end of 2019. The top five markets that saw the largest vacancy percentage decreases include Charleston, South Carolina; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; El Paso, Texas; Madison, Wisconsin; and Grand Rapids, Michigan.

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U.S. Foreclosure Activity Drops to 15-Year Low

ATTOM Data Solutions’ Year-End 2019 U.S. Foreclosure Market Report shows foreclosure filings—default notices, scheduled auctions and bank repossessions—were reported on 493,066 U.S. properties in 2019, down 21% from 2018 and down 83% from a peak of nearly 2.9 million in 2010 to the lowest level since tracking began in 2005. Those 493,066 properties with foreclosure filings in 2019 represented 0.36% of all U.S. housing units, down from 0.47% in 2018 and down from a peak of 2.23% in 2010. ATTOM’s year-end foreclosure report provides a unique count of properties with a foreclosure filing during the year based on publicly recorded and published foreclosure filings collected in more than 2,200 counties nationwide, with address-level data on nearly 25 million foreclosure filings historically, also available for license or customized reporting. The report also includes new data for December 2019, when there were 53,279 U.S. properties with foreclosure filings, up 7% from the previous month and up 2% from a year ago.

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Average U.S. Home Seller Profits Hit New High

ATTOM Data Solutions’ Year-End 2019 U.S. Home Sales Report shows that home sellers nationwide in 2019 realized a home price gain of $65,500 on the typical sale, up from $58,100 last year and up from $50,027 two years ago. The latest profit figure, based on median purchase and resale prices, marked the highest level in the U.S. since 2006. That $65,500 typical home seller profit represented a 34% return on investment compared to the original purchase price, up from 31.4% last year and up from 27.4% in 2017, to the highest average home-seller ROI since 2006. Both raw profits and ROI have improved nationwide for eight straight years. However, last year’s gain in ROI—up less than three percentage points—was the smallest since 2011. Among 220 metropolitan statistical areas with a population greater than 200,000 and sufficient historical sales data, those in western states continued to reap the highest returns on investments, with concentrations on or near the West coast. Metro areas with the highest home seller ROIs were in San Jose, California (82.8%); San Francisco, California (72.8%); Seattle, Washington (65.6%); Merced, California (63.2%) and Salem, Oregon (62.1%). The top four in 2019 were the same areas that topped the list in 2018. The U.S. median home price increased 6.2% in 2019, hitting an all-time high of $258,000. The annual home-price appreciation in 2019 topped the 4.5% rise in 2018 compared to 2017 but was down from the 7.1% increase in 2017 compared to 2016. Among 134 metropolitan statistical areas with a population of 200,000 or more and sufficient home price data, those with the biggest year-over-year increases in median home prices were South Bend, Indiana (up 18.4%); Boise City, Idaho (up 12.6%); Spokane, Washington (up 10.9%); Atlantic City, New Jersey (up 10.6%) and Salt Lake City, Utah (up 9.6%). Nationwide, all-cash purchases accounted for 25.3% of single-family home and condo sales in 2019, the lowest level since 2007. The latest figure was down from 27% in 2018 and 27.7% in 2017, and well off the 38.4% peaks in 2011 and 2012. However, this is still well above the pre-recession average of 18.7% between 2000 and 2007. Distressed home sales—including bank-owned (REO) sales, third-party foreclosure auction sales and short sales—accounted for 11.5% of all U.S. single-family home and condo sales in 2019, down from 12.4% in 2018 and from a peak of 38.8% in 2011. The latest figure marked the lowest point since 2006. Institutional investors nationwide accounted for 2.9% of all single-family home and condo sales in 2019, down from 3% in 2018 to the lowest point since 2015. Nationwide, buyers using Federal Housing Administration loans accounted for 11.9% of all single-family home and condo purchases in 2019, up from 10.6% in 2018. The increase marked the first rise since 2015. Among 197 metropolitan statistical areas with a population of at least 200,000 and sufficient FHA-buyer data, the top four with the highest share of purchases made with FHA loans were in Texas. Those with the highest levels of FHA buyers in 2019 were McAllen, Texas (30.4% of sales); El Paso, Texas (26%); Amarillo, Texas (24.4%); Beaumont-Port Arthur, Texas (23.7%) and Visalia, California (23.5%). The four Texas metros were the same that led the list in 2018.

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Raising Receivables Recovery

FCO’s 10 debt collection best practices for rental property managers Even in today’s healthy economy, the residential rent receivables that are written off as uncollectible remain at high levels. According to the National Apartment Association’s 2019 Income and Expense Survey, rents and damages sent for collections range from $79  to $103 per unit per year—or 0.5%-0.8% of Gross Potential Rent, depending on property type. Renters’ debt disputes are more complex and frequent compared to a decade ago. Savvy ex-residents rely on the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) and Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) to ask for evidence of the debt and to dispute the amounts owed. Consumer attorneys and credit repair organizations increasingly deploy technology to supercharge FDCPA and FCRA challenges to property managers’ debt claims. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) provides a new avenue—and ally—for debtors to complain about lease charges. And, call-blocking technology enables consumers to duck debt-related contacts. To fend off these challenges, a well-tuned collaboration between a third-party collection agency and a property manager is essential to maximizing recovery of what is owed  and minimizing litigation risk. Liquidation recovery and litigation exposure can improve by a factor of six to 10 times between well-run property management firms and those with lax operations. Here are 10 collections best practices to help rental property managers increase recovery and reduce avoidable risks. 01 Integrate Integrating the placement of accounting detail and documents from client property management software(s) to agency regularly increases the number of opened accounts, speeds time to placement and reduces inaccuracy and incompleteness. All three factors contribute to better compliance and higher recovery. 02 Provide documentation at placement to support the balance sought Be sure to have a signed lease and application, identification of the debtor, final account statement itemizing charges, repair invoices to support claimed damages and move-in/move-out inspection reports and photos. The latter documentation is easiest to obtain right after moveout. 03 Meet with the resident at move-out to review charges A move-out review of the condition of the property and itemization of charges in the final account statement provided to the ex-tenant can ease sub-sequent recovery of unpaid balances. Of course, this isn’t always possible. If the tenant skips out, ensure that the final account statement is sent to the tenant’s provided address to give adequate notice for payment before placing the account in collections. Finally, consider a “handoff letter” to the debtor, making them aware their account is being placed in collections. 04 Damages demand documentation As a rule of thumb, the documentation a property manager must provide under state security deposit law in order to withhold from a security deposit (e.g., repair invoices) should also be available to support the damages in a debt claim. Generally, damages owed must be more than normal wear and tear. 05 Follow the lease For tenants who exit before the lease is up, ensure that the date of re-renting is included with the placement if the lease allows to charge for unpaid rent until the unit is re-rented. Where a liquidated damages provision is applied, make sure the property manager is not also charging actual damages at the same time when the lease provides for only one method at a time. 06 Operators’ charge-off policies matter  Is the property operator charging for full flooring cost replacement for a short-term tenant who moved into a property with aged carpet and tile? Are additional charges for HOA-required fees added at move-out, but not clearly specified in writing at move-in? These practices may well be challenged. Instead, consider prorating as appropriate, and make sure that fees to be charged are identified—in writing at the beginning of the lease—as a tenant responsibility. 07 Ensure tenant authorizations are broad enough A well-tuned application or rental agreement makes clear that the landlord has permissible purpose under the FCRA to pull consumer reports for lease-related purposes that include both collections and move-in tenant screening. Good leases also make clear that the tenant agrees to accept email, mobile and text communications and to update provided contacts. These authorizations become more important under proposed new FDCPA rules for debtor communications. 08 After placement, let the agency handle it Communications with ex-tenants and guarantors who are represented by counsel can be a problem. Where a property learns a debtor is represented by counsel, communicate this to the agency. Forward the agency the attorney’s letter of representation, if one has been provided, along with any attorney inquiries. Another area of concern is credit repair organizations, which take a fee from debtors to clean up their file. They may ask an unwitting property manager to delete credit reporting in exchange for settling the debt. Forward these communications to the agency to resolve as well. 09 Go legal selectively If you want to pursue garnishment or other legal action (where permitted by law) to secure what’s owed, make sure the debtor’s ability to pay and the amount owed are large enough to sustain court costs and delays. Also, be prepared for affidavits to sign and witnesses to send. Courts may ask the maintenance tech who walked the unit at moveout, for example, to appear to testify. 10 Respond promptly when asked A consumer’s dispute may be subject to tight response timelines by the collection agency and property manager, especially where a credit bureau is involved. Often, the agency needs only a property manager’s verification of the amount owed, or the confirmation of a prior resident’s identity. Sometimes this request may come a year or two after moveout, when the ex-resident is back on their feet and wants to make good on her obligations. Prompt client responses to these agency requests speed resolution and improve recovery. The road ahead? Technology will continue to be both sword and shield in rental collections; that is, it will create new paths for consumer challenges, but ease document transfer through no-cost collection agency integrations. Well-run rental operators in clear dialogue with their collection agency can optimize debt recovery and limit litigation

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Regional Spotlight: Baltimore, Maryland

A Closer Look at the Charm City’s Persistently Resurgent Real Estate Market Baltimore, Maryland, has long been a city of contradictions. Simultaneously holding positions on national “top 10” lists for “new tech hot spots” (Forbes), “top 10 U.S. foodie cities” (Yelp), “best places to live” (Livability), and “most dangerous U.S. cities,” part of the Charm City’s charm seems to be an incorrigible contrarianism. That is great news for its real estate investors. Thanks in large part to its proximity to Washington D.C., a historic waterfront and bustling Inner Harbor, burgeoning jobs market, and a recently renewed dedication to public-private investment partnerships, Baltimore offers real estate investors an array of options for generating both short-term and long-term returns. That is, of course, if you understand the local market or can work with someone who does. “At first blush, the Baltimore housing market would seem like a bad investment to a lot of investors,” said Marco Santarelli, founder and CEO of real estate investment firm Norada Real Estate Investments. “However, there is significant opportunity in the Baltimore real estate market for investors, and not just because the metropolitan area is home to nearly 3 million people. Recent market trends indicate a high probability of appreciation in the market over the next 12 to 24 months, with the competitive market making it highly likely that prices will remain high even if rates of appreciation level off.” Since the start of 2010, Baltimore home prices have risen nearly 18.2%, while housing inventory has plummeted by nearly 40%. The result is an extremely tight market, rife with opportunity for investors in a position to acquire either single- or multifamily rental assets. Given that Baltimore home values have risen more than 8% over the past three years and appear likely to rise higher over the course of 2020, many analysts warn that the market could be poised to topple toward the end of 2021. In the face of local policies dedicated to population growth and new development,  this scenario seems unlikely. Further, local investors are not concerned. “Today, we own more than 700 properties in the Baltimore area,” said Fred Lewis, founder of the Dominion Group, a group of nine operating companies and five business segments based in Baltimore and operating throughout the U.S. Lewis is also the founder of Real Investor Roundtable, an investor mastermind for experienced real estate investors. “The Baltimore market can be difficult to learn. You have to understand the dynamics of every street in the city,” Lewis explained. “It has a uniqueness that works for investors willing to work hard, learn the market and understand the nuances.” Sean Renehan, development officer for real estate private lender Walnut Street Finance, agreed that the Charm City can be very nuanced. “There is so much history in this city, and it makes Baltimore a ‘neighborhood city’ more than most cities of this size,” he said. “Every neighborhood has a different flavor, and investors can really thrive when they begin to understand this.” Overcoming Obstacles with Creativity and Willpower One of the biggest stumbling blocks for many real estate investors who consider placing capital in Baltimore properties or projects is the city’s trend of population loss over the last seven decades. These trends can be misleading and confusing when it comes to investment opportunities, although they are indisputably a problem for lawmakers and the city’s general reputation. Between 1950, when the city posted its peak population of 949,700, and 2010, the city lost more than a third of its population. Since 2012, when the population appeared to be slowly expanding once again, Baltimore’s population trajectory has been bumpy. In 2018, the city appeared once again to experience significant population loss (about 1.5%) since that 2012 benchmark. Investors should note that somewhat rocky population trends for the city of Baltimore do not necessarily extend to the Baltimore metro area. In fact, U.S. Census Data indicates the Baltimore metro area population numbers exceed 6.7 million, making it the 20th largest metro area in the country. That population consists in substantial part of young professionals between 19 and 33. About a third of the metro area’s incoming population has not yet celebrated their 30th birthday, according to statistics from the Applied Population Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin. Those residents tend to move outward toward the suburbs as they age. This creates an ongoing and growing demand throughout the extended metro area for multifamily construction and single-family residences for young families. That population creates a strong demand that powers many of Baltimore’s investing operations, including Jarrett Walker’s Wallcrest Homes LLC, which caters mainly to first-time buyers and individuals investing in homes they expect to hold for a relatively short amount of time before moving on. “We invest in single-family residential and small multiunit properties that are in the ‘sweet spot’ of $200,000 to $300,000 when they are listed,” Walker explained. He has been investing in the Baltimore area for several years on an individual basis and began investing under his Wallcrest Homes banner in 2018. “We decided to focus on that area of the market because it enabled us to produce quality products our buyers are proud to own and created opportunities for us to participate in revitalizing communities in the Baltimore area,” Walker added. “We picked Baltimore over other markets in close proximity [Annapolis and Washington D.C.] because it was the best-suited to our goal of giving back to communities and the local government is the best for investors to work with in terms of zoning, regulations, etc.” A Changing Landscape for Housing As is the case throughout much of the U.S., the preferences of the young professionals and young families currently buying and renting the housing inventory in Baltimore are changing the face of the urban and suburban landscape in the area. The city has made a very public commitment to reinforcing partnership activity between public and private interests (P3), creating a uniquely supportive environment for groups that gain clearance for new development. “Baltimore’s good

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The Business of Building Long-Term Value

Fred Lewis and Real Investor Roundtable measure their success by yours. When Fred Lewis founded Dominion Group in 2002, he was mainly interested in lending money to real estate investors and acquiring properties. “Our company focused mainly on providing acquisition and construction funds to investors acquiring rentals and doing fix-and-flip transactions, but I quickly also got into buying my own investment properties as well. That was a very opportunistic time to be investing in real estate,” he said. The time may have been nearly ideal for getting started in real estate, but Lewis quickly discovered that even in the most idyllic of conditions, there are lessons to be learned. In his case, because he was lending and acquiring investment properties at the same time, he learned those lessons from both sides of the equation. “I learned the hard way, as most investors do, that investing is not as easy as it sounds. You build up an expertise by actually learning how to acquire, renovate, stabilize and rent, and finance properties,” he said. “Nevertheless, I was able to grow my business as a result of my dual role as a lender and an investor buying and selling on my own. I also ended up creating a property management company once I got to around 50 rental units. I realized that I had to learn to efficiently manage rental units and create best practices as no one would ever manage my rentals the way I would as the owner.” The businesses that would form The Dominion Group thrived as the country approached the housing crash, but unlike most real estate businesses, Dominion did not falter when the bottom fell out of the market. The reason, Lewis said, lay in the synergy between the lending and the real estate businesses and experience as “Main Street” investors. “Everyone’s business models were tested during that time,” Lewis said. “The fact that we were ‘real estate guys’ and could help and guide clients through that time and, when necessary, take inventory back and reposition it as a rental was very important to our successful navigation of that time in the market’s history.” At the end of the downturn, Dominion Group emerged stronger than ever, something that has led Lewis, his business partner Jack BeVier, and several other colleagues in the industry to place an extremely high value on continuing education among successful, active investors in the industry. “A lot of smart investors who just did not have the best systems and operations in place went under very quickly when the market crashed,” Lewis said. “On the other hand, we were able to weather the storm and, in 2009, when everyone else was just trying to stay afloat in a very harsh environment, we looked at our business models, professionalized our lending platforms and ultimately experienced significant growth during that period.” Today, Dominion has become a premier national lender that is able to provide loans in 49 states. “We are proud to be a Main Street lender for Main Street investors,” Lewis said. “We understand their goals, their pain and what they need to do to be successful because we have the same goals, the same pain and understand that our business is only successful when we understand our clients and put their needs first.” Dedication to Education As the country emerged from the recession and the Dominion Group companies continued their expansion, Lewis and BeVier realized their experience leading up to, during and in the wake of the housing and financial crises and the subsequent Great Recession had even more value than they had previously realized. “Our focus on acquisitions, construction, leasing, property management and financing really helped us work with others in the industry,” Lewis said. “That is why in 2015, when Jack [BeVier] asked me to join an industry mastermind, I decided to take it on full force.” After very little time in the mastermind world, however, Lewis realized the industry needed a new type of mastermind for the next era in real estate. “I soon realized there was a need in our industry for a mastermind that did not glorify selling information, coaching or the next get-rich-quick scheme,” he said bluntly. “I wanted to be involved in a mastermind built on the principles of creating value for all that would only involve people focused on building long-term value in the real estate business.” Lewis ultimately created Real Investor Roundtable (RIR) to meet that need. “In our industry, you have traders and you have investors, with investors buying houses that they are going to either hold or sell to homeowners for a profit (ideally) and creating an infrastructure to enable that process and with traders providing information, usually to new or would-be investors, about how they might also create that sort of platform and enact that process,” Lewis said. “The problem is that the failure rate of people learning from those traders is extremely high, because they usually are primarily trading in information rather than having a primary focus in real estate.” The solution, Lewis determined, was to create RIR, a group that would enable active, successful real estate investors to exchange ideas and strategies in a way that would help grow, sustain and protect their real estate businesses for the long haul. “Real estate investors should be interacting with others in the industry,” he said. He said that they should be concerned about the right technologies, best practices, software and apps, personnel practices, tax strategies, and so on, rather than about whether they will be sold information or products that do not fit their business. “We do not promote the ‘guru culture’ that sells information, classes and products to individuals likely to fail and without the funds to lose even though that model is prevalent in the mastermind community,” Lewis said. “The goal is to have high-level, transparent conversation and sharing that is both impactful and real. That is where the name, Real Investor Roundtable, came from.” Because he firmly believes mastermind

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